David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>:
Rework the "Simple Configuration Files" chapter so it's more
of a quick-start "how to set up your project" tutorial:
- Say how to hook up the JTAG adapter. This will help new
users, and in any case is worth spelling out somewhere.
- Streamline the previous rather haphazard presentation,
filling in some missing holes along the way:
* Suggest "project directory" structure
* Introduce new term, "user config" file (openocd.cfg)
* Talk about more options for openocd.cfg contents
* ... and about creating new config files
* Add new topic, project-specific utilities (+examples)
- Remove too-short, yet duplicative, chapter 19
Nudge packagers a bit more strongly to send patches (including
config files) upstream.
git-svn-id: svn://svn.berlios.de/openocd/trunk@2204 b42882b7-edfa-0310-969c-e2dbd0fdcd60
__archive__
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parent
b3edde7b7d
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doc/openocd.texi
355
doc/openocd.texi
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@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Free Documentation License''.
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* Building OpenOCD:: Building OpenOCD From SVN
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* JTAG Hardware Dongles:: JTAG Hardware Dongles
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* Running:: Running OpenOCD
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* Simple Configuration Files:: Simple Configuration Files
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* OpenOCD Project Setup:: OpenOCD Project Setup
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* Config File Guidelines:: Config File Guidelines
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* About JIM-Tcl:: About JIM-Tcl
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* Daemon Configuration:: Daemon Configuration
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@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ Free Documentation License''.
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* General Commands:: General Commands
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* Architecture and Core Commands:: Architecture and Core Commands
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* JTAG Commands:: JTAG Commands
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* Sample Scripts:: Sample Target Scripts
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* TFTP:: TFTP
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* GDB and OpenOCD:: Using GDB and OpenOCD
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* Tcl Scripting API:: Tcl Scripting API
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@ -239,6 +238,7 @@ That said, the OpenOCD developers would also like you to follow a few
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suggestions:
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@enumerate
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@item @b{Send patches, including config files, upstream.}
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@item @b{Always build with printer ports enabled.}
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@item @b{Try to use LIBFTDI + LIBUSB where possible. You cover more bases.}
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@end enumerate
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@ -718,28 +718,114 @@ establish a connection with the target. In general, it is possible for
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the JTAG controller to be unresponsive until the target is set up
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correctly via e.g. GDB monitor commands in a GDB init script.
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@node Simple Configuration Files
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@chapter Simple Configuration Files
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@cindex configuration
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@node OpenOCD Project Setup
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@chapter OpenOCD Project Setup
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@section Outline
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There are 4 basic ways of ``configurating'' OpenOCD to run, they are:
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To use OpenOCD with your development projects, you need to do more than
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just connecting the JTAG adapter hardware (dongle) to your development board
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and then starting the OpenOCD server.
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You also need to configure that server so that it knows
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about that adapter and board, and helps your work.
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@section Hooking up the JTAG Adapter
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Today's most common case is a dongle with a JTAG cable on one side
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(such as a ribbon cable with a 10-pin or 20-pin IDC connector)
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and a USB cable on the other.
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Instead of USB, some cables use Ethernet;
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older ones may use a PC parallel port, or even a serial port.
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@enumerate
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@item A small openocd.cfg file which ``sources'' other configuration files
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@item A monolithic openocd.cfg file
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@item Many -f filename options on the command line
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@item Your Mixed Solution
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@item @emph{Start with power to your target board turned off},
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and nothing connected to your JTAG adapter.
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If you're particularly paranoid, unplug power to the board.
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It's important to have the ground signal properly set up,
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unless you are using a JTAG adapter which provides
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galvanic isolation between the target board and the
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debugging host.
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@item @emph{Be sure it's the right kind of JTAG connector.}
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If your dongle has a 20-pin ARM connector, you need some kind
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of adapter (or octopus, see below) to hook it up to
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boards using 14-pin or 10-pin connectors ... or to 20-pin
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connectors which don't use ARM's pinout.
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In the same vein, make sure the voltage levels are compatible.
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Not all JTAG adapters have the level shifters needed to work
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with 1.2 Volt boards.
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@item @emph{Be certain the cable is properly oriented} or you might
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damage your board. In most cases there are only two possible
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ways to connect the cable.
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Connect the JTAG cable from your adapter to the board.
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Be sure it's firmly connected.
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In the best case, the connector is keyed to physically
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prevent you from inserting it wrong.
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This is most often done using a slot on the board's male connector
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housing, which must match a key on the JTAG cable's female connector.
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If there's no housing, then you must look carefully and
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make sure pin 1 on the cable hooks up to pin 1 on the board.
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Ribbon cables are frequently all grey except for a wire on one
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edge, which is red. The red wire is pin 1.
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Sometimes dongles provide cables where one end is an ``octopus'' of
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color coded single-wire connectors, instead of a connector block.
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These are great when converting from one JTAG pinout to another,
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but are tedious to set up.
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Use these with connector pinout diagrams to help you match up the
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adapter signals to the right board pins.
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@item @emph{Connect the adapter's other end} once the JTAG cable is connected.
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A USB, parallel, or serial port connector will go to the host which
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you are using to run OpenOCD.
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For Ethernet, consult the documentation and your network administrator.
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For USB based JTAG adapters you have an easy sanity check at this point:
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does the host operating system see the JTAG adapter?
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@item @emph{Connect the adapter's power supply, if needed.}
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This step is primarily for non-USB adapters,
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but sometimes USB adapters need extra power.
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@item @emph{Power up the target board.}
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Unless you just let the magic smoke escape,
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you're now ready to set up the OpenOCD server
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so you can use JTAG to work with that board.
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@end enumerate
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@section Small configuration file method
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Talk with the OpenOCD server using
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telnet (@code{telnet localhost 4444} on many systems) or GDB.
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@xref{GDB and OpenOCD}.
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This is the preferred method. It is simple and works well for many
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people. The developers of OpenOCD would encourage you to use this
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method. If you create a new configuration please email new
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configurations to the development list.
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@section Project Directory
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Here is an example of an openocd.cfg file for an ATMEL at91sam7x256
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There are many ways you can configure OpenOCD and start it up.
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A simple way to organize them all involves keeping a
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single directory for your work with a given board.
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When you start OpenOCD from that directory,
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it searches there first for configuration files
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and for code you upload to the target board.
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It is also be the natural place to write files,
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such as log files and data you download from the board.
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@section Configuration Basics
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There are two basic ways of configuring OpenOCD, and
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a variety of ways you can mix them.
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Think of the difference as just being how you start the server:
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@itemize
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@item Many @option{-f file} or @option{-c command} options on the command line
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@item No options, but a @dfn{user config file}
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in the current directory named @file{openocd.cfg}
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@end itemize
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Here is an example @file{openocd.cfg} file for a setup
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using a Signalyzer FT2232-based JTAG adapter to talk to
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a board with an Atmel AT91SAM7X256 microcontroller:
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@example
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source [find interface/signalyzer.cfg]
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@ -751,66 +837,172 @@ gdb_flash_program enable
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source [find target/sam7x256.cfg]
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@end example
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There are many example configuration scripts you can work with. You
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should look in the directory: @t{$(INSTALLDIR)/lib/openocd}. You
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should find:
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@enumerate
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@item @b{board} - eval board level configurations
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@item @b{interface} - specific dongle configurations
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@item @b{target} - the target chips
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@item @b{tcl} - helper scripts
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@item @b{xscale} - things specific to the xscale.
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@end enumerate
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Look first in the ``boards'' area, then the ``targets'' area. Often a board
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configuration is a good example to work from.
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@section Many -f filename options
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Some believe this is a wonderful solution, others find it painful.
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You can use a series of ``-f filename'' options on the command line,
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OpenOCD will read each filename in sequence, for example:
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Here is the command line equivalent of that configuration:
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@example
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openocd -f file1.cfg -f file2.cfg -f file2.cfg
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openocd -f interface/signalyzer.cfg \
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-c "gdb_memory_map enable" \
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-c "gdb_flash_program enable" \
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-f target/sam7x256.cfg
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@end example
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You can also intermix various commands with the ``-c'' command line
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option.
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You could wrap such long command lines in shell scripts,
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each supporting a different development task.
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One might re-flash the board with specific firmware version.
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Another might set up a particular debugging or run-time environment.
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@section Monolithic file
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The ``Monolithic File'' dispenses with all ``source'' statements and
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puts everything in one self contained (monolithic) file. This is not
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encouraged.
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Here we will focus on the simpler solution: one user config
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file, including basic configuration plus any TCL procedures
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to simplify your work.
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Please try to ``source'' various files or use the multiple -f
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technique.
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@section User Config Files
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@cindex config file
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@cindex user config file
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@section Advice for you
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Often, one uses a ``mixed approach''. Where possible, please try to
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``source'' common things, and if needed cut/paste parts of the
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standard distribution configuration files as needed.
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A user configuration file ties together all the parts of a project
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in one place.
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One of the following will match your situation best:
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@b{REMEMBER:} The ``important parts'' of your configuration file are:
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@itemize
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@item Ideally almost everything comes from configuration files
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provided by someone else.
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For example, OpenOCD distributes a @file{scripts} directory
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(probably in @file{/usr/share/openocd/scripts} on Linux);
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board and tool vendors can provide these too.
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The AT91SAM7X256 example above works this way.
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Three main types of non-user configuration file each have their
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own subdirectory in the @file{scripts} directory:
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@enumerate
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@item @b{Interface} - Defines the dongle
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@item @b{Taps} - Defines the JTAG Taps
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@item @b{GDB Targets} - What GDB talks to
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@item @b{Flash Programing} - Very Helpful
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@item @b{interface} -- one for each kind of JTAG adapter/dongle
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@item @b{board} -- one for each different board
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@item @b{target} -- the chips which integrate CPUs and other JTAG TAPs
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@end enumerate
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Some key things you should look at and understand are:
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Best case: include just two files, and they handle everything else.
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The first is an interface config file.
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The second is board-specific, and it sets up the JTAG TAPs and
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their GDB targets (by deferring to some @file{target.cfg} file),
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declares all flash memory, and leaves you nothing to do except
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meet your deadline:
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@enumerate
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@item The reset configuration of your debug environment as a whole
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@item Is there a ``work area'' that OpenOCD can use?
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@* For ARM - work areas mean up to 10x faster downloads.
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@item For MMU/MPU based ARM chips (i.e.: ARM9 and later) will that work area still be available?
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@item For complex targets (multiple chips) the JTAG SPEED becomes an issue.
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@end enumerate
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@example
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source [find interface/olimex-jtag-tiny.cfg]
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source [find board/csb337.cfg]
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@end example
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Boards with a single microcontroller often won't need more
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than the target config file, as in the AT91SAM7X256 example.
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That's because there is no external memory (flash, DDR RAM), and
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the board differences are encapsulated by application code.
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@item You can often reuse some standard config files but
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need to write a few new ones, probably a @file{board.cfg} file.
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You will be using commands described later in this User's Guide,
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and working with the guidelines in the next chapter.
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For example, there may be configuration files for your JTAG adapter
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and target chip, but you need a new board-specific config file
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giving access to your particular flash chips.
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Or you might need to write another target chip configuration file
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for a new chip built around the Cortex M3 core.
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@quotation Note
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When you write new configuration files, please submit
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them for inclusion in the next OpenOCD release.
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For example, a @file{board/newboard.cfg} file will help the
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next users of that board, and a @file{target/newcpu.cfg}
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will help support users of any board using that chip.
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@end quotation
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|
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@item
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You may may need to write some C code.
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It may be as simple as a supporting a new new ft2232 or parport
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based dongle; a bit more involved, like a NAND or NOR flash
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controller driver; or a big piece of work like supporting
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a new chip architecture.
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@end itemize
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Reuse the existing config files when you can.
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Look first in the @file{scripts/boards} area, then @file{scripts/targets}.
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You may find a board configuration that's a good example to follow.
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When you write config files, separate the reusable parts
|
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(things every user of that interface, chip, or board needs)
|
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from ones specific to your environment and debugging approach.
|
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|
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For example, a @code{gdb-attach} event handler that invokes
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the @command{reset init} command will interfere with debugging
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early boot code, which performs some of the same actions
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that the @code{reset-init} event handler does.
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Likewise, the @command{arm9tdmi vector_catch} command (or
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its @command{xscale vector_catch} sibling) can be a timesaver
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during some debug sessions, but don't make everyone use that either.
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Keep those kinds of debugging aids in your user config file.
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@section Project-Specific Utilities
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A few project-specific utility
|
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routines may well speed up your work.
|
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Write them, and keep them in your project's user config file.
|
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For example, if you are making a boot loader work on a
|
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board, it's nice to be able to debug the ``after it's
|
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loaded to RAM'' parts separately from the finicky early
|
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code which sets up the DDR RAM controller and clocks.
|
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A script like this one, or a more GDB-aware sibling,
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may help:
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@example
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proc ramboot @{ @} @{
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# Reset, running the target's "reset-init" scripts
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# to initialize clocks and the DDR RAM controller.
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# Leave the CPU halted.
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reset init
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# Load CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT version into DDR RAM.
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load_image u-boot.bin 0x20000000
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# Start running.
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resume 0x20000000
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@}
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@end example
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Then once that code is working you will need to make it
|
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boot from NOR flash; a different utility would help.
|
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Alternatively, some developers write to flash using GDB.
|
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(You might use a similar script if you're working with a flash
|
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based microcontroller application instead of a boot loader.)
|
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|
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@example
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proc newboot @{ @} @{
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# Reset, leaving the CPU halted. The "reset-init" event
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# proc gives faster access to the CPU and to NOR flash;
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# "reset halt" would be slower.
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reset init
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|
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# Write standard version of U-Boot into the first two
|
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# sectors of NOR flash ... the standard version should
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# do the same lowlevel init as "reset-init".
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flash protect 0 0 1 off
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flash erase_sector 0 0 1
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flash write_bank 0 u-boot.bin 0x0
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flash protect 0 0 1 on
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|
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# Reboot from scratch using that new boot loader.
|
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reset run
|
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@}
|
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@end example
|
||||
|
||||
You may need more complicated utility procedures when booting
|
||||
from NAND.
|
||||
That often involves an extra bootloader stage,
|
||||
running from on-chip SRAM to perform DDR RAM setup so it can load
|
||||
the main bootloader code (which won't fit into that SRAM).
|
||||
|
||||
Other helper scripts might be used to write production system images,
|
||||
involving considerably more than just a three stage bootloader.
|
||||
|
||||
|
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@node Config File Guidelines
|
||||
|
|
@ -852,6 +1044,7 @@ setting a variable or two before sourcing the target file. Or adding
|
|||
various commands specific to their situation.
|
||||
|
||||
@section Interface Config Files
|
||||
@cindex config file
|
||||
|
||||
The user should be able to source one of these files via a command like this:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -868,6 +1061,7 @@ sole developer who created it.
|
|||
Interface files should be found in @t{$(INSTALLDIR)/lib/openocd/interface}
|
||||
|
||||
@section Board Config Files
|
||||
@cindex config file
|
||||
|
||||
@b{Note: BOARD directory NEW as of 28/nov/2008}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -896,6 +1090,7 @@ In summary the board files should contain (if present)
|
|||
@end enumerate
|
||||
|
||||
@section Target Config Files
|
||||
@cindex config file
|
||||
|
||||
The user should be able to source one of these files via a command like this:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1113,13 +1308,6 @@ register to report that JTAG debugging is being done.
|
|||
If the chip has a DCC, enable it. If the chip is an ARM9 with some
|
||||
special high speed download features - enable it.
|
||||
|
||||
If the chip supports the @command{arm9tdmi vector_catch},
|
||||
@command{xscale vector_catch}, or similar features,
|
||||
consider enabling it in your user-specific configuration file.
|
||||
Experience has shown the ``vector_catch'' can be
|
||||
helpful for catching programming errors
|
||||
like Undefined Instructions, Data Abort, and Prefetch Abort.
|
||||
|
||||
If present, the MMU, the MPU and the CACHE should be disabled.
|
||||
|
||||
Some ARM cores are equipped with trace support, which permits
|
||||
|
|
@ -4885,33 +5073,6 @@ that supports a packet size bigger than the default packet size (512 bytes). The
|
|||
are numerous TFTP servers out there (free and commercial) and you will have to do
|
||||
a bit of googling to find something that fits your requirements.
|
||||
|
||||
@node Sample Scripts
|
||||
@chapter Sample Scripts
|
||||
@cindex scripts
|
||||
|
||||
This page shows how to use the Target Library.
|
||||
|
||||
The configuration script can be divided into the following sections:
|
||||
@itemize @bullet
|
||||
@item Daemon configuration
|
||||
@item Interface
|
||||
@item JTAG scan chain
|
||||
@item Target configuration
|
||||
@item Flash configuration
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
Detailed information about each section can be found at OpenOCD configuration.
|
||||
|
||||
@section AT91R40008 example
|
||||
@cindex AT91R40008 example
|
||||
To start OpenOCD with a target script for the AT91R40008 CPU and reset
|
||||
the CPU upon startup of the OpenOCD daemon.
|
||||
@example
|
||||
openocd -f interface/parport.cfg -f target/at91r40008.cfg \
|
||||
-c "init" -c "reset"
|
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@end example
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@node GDB and OpenOCD
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@chapter GDB and OpenOCD
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@cindex GDB
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Reference in New Issue